The Palaiologan emperors aspired to reunite the Eastern Orthodox Church with the Catholic Church of Rome, to ensure legitimacy in the eyes of the West and in an attempt to secure aid against the many enemies of their empire. They were men of greater drive and determination, but the years of fighting had made recovery still more difficult and had given new chances to their enemies. [80] In addition to the non-imperial Palaiologoi that were descendants of older collateral lines, Byzantine genealogy is also made complicated by the fact that it was common in Byzantium to adopt the family name of your spouse or mother, if that was more prestigious. According to several later oral traditions, the family had originated in Italy, supposedly in the city of Viterbo. [9], On 25 July 1261, Nicene forces under general Alexios Strategopoulos recaptured Constantinople from the Latin Empire, restoring the city to Byzantine rule after almost sixty years in foreign hands. [131] In 1798, the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, Anthemus, wrote that the Ottoman Empire had been imposed by God himself as the supreme empire on Earth due to the heretical dealings of the Palaiologan emperors with Christians in the West.[132]. Behold how our merciful and omniscient Lord has managed to preserve the integrity of our holy Orthodox faith and to save (us) all; he brought forth out of nothing the powerful Empire of the Ottomans, which he set up in the place of our Empire of the Romaioi, which had begun in some ways to deviate from the path of the Orthodox faith; and he raised this Empire of the Ottomans above every other in order to prove beyond doubt that it came into being by the will of God .... For there is no authority except that deriving from God. Thomas retained hope that the Papacy might yet call for a crusade to restore the Byzantine Empire whereas Demetrios, probably the more realistic of the two, had more or less given up hope of Christian aid from the West and believed it to be best to placate the Turks. [1] The etymology of their family name was believed to be "ragman" by Soviet-American Byzantinist Alexander Kazhdan,[3] possibly referencing humble origins,[1] whereas the French Byzantinist Jean-François Vannier believes the correct etymology to be "antique collector". [91] As such, it is possible that Allatius had access to earlier documents, now lost, which would have proven the legitimacy of the Pesaro line. Andronikos III was first married, in 1318, with Adelheid of Brunswick, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg; she died in 1324. Various lineages of Palaialogoi, whose relation to the medieval Palaiologoi and each other are unclear, survived into the modern period and thousands of people, particularly in Greece, still have the last name Palaiologos, or variants thereof, today. Their rule of the empire continued until 1453, when Ottoman sultan Mehmed the Conqueror conquered Constantinople and the final Palaiologan emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos, died in the city's defense. [1], In 1373, John V's son and heir Andronikos IV Palaiologos rebelled against his father in an attempt to seize the throne, instigating a fourth series of Palaiologan civil wars. From 1328 to 1341 Cantacuzenus directed both domestic and foreign policy for the Emperor. Deposed by his former ward, he was made to retire to a monastery under the name Joasaph Christodoulos and spent the remainder of his … Nobles that could escape mostly did, many fleeing to the Morea where they had estates. Manouel II Palaiologos (Bahasa Yunani: Μανουήλ Β΄ Παλαιολόγος, Manouēl II Palaiologos) (27 Juni 1350 – 21 Juli 1425) adalah Kaisar Romawi Timur dari 1391 sampai 1425.. Kehidupan. When Andronicus III died in 1341, Cantacuzenus asserted his claim as regent for the young John V, but when he (Cantacuzenus) left Constantinople to battle the Serbs in Thrace, his opponents—led by John V’s mother, Anna of Savoy—declared him a traitor and imprisoned his supporters. This second origin story is similar to family traditions of other Byzantine noble families, such as the Doukas or Phokas clans, who also used stories of ancient Roman descent to bolster their prestige and somewhat legitimize their claims to the throne of the Byzantine Empire, the Roman Empire's medieval continuation. The repeated attempts by the emperors to reunite the Greek Orthodox Church with the Roman Catholic Church, and thus place the Byzantine church in submission under the Papacy, was viewed as heresy and treason. [52] The change in title might be attributable to the family being the senior heirs of Thomas Palaiologos, whose wife had been the heiress of the last Prince of Achaea. During Manuel II's reign, John VIII and the younger son Constantine appear to have got on well with each other, but the relations between Constantine and the younger brothers Demetrios and Thomas were not as friendly. [38] The family name Palaiologos had been relatively widespread in the Byzantine Empire, and the family had been quite extensive before a branch of it acceded to the imperial throne. Despite the foreign and domestic difficulties during his reign, which culminated in the fall of Constantinople and of the Byzantine Empire, contemporary sources generally speak respectfully of the Emperor Constantine. John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Ίωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος) was a Byzantine emperor, who succeeded his father in 1341 at age eight. [114], Supposedly, Rogerio's descendants would then have remained in Casalsottano until 1571, when Giovanni Paleologo was given the fief of Perito and Ostigliano in Salerno. John VIII Palaiologos was the eldest son of Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena Dragaš, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine Dragaš.He was associated as co-emperor with his father before 1416 and became sole emperor in 1425. [1], When Andronikos III died in 1341, his underage son John V Palaiologos inherited the throne. Andronikos died in 1385 and his son, John VII Palaiologos briefly managed to usurp the throne in 1390. [41] Manuel had two sons; John Palaiologos, who died young, and Andreas,[42] probably named after Manuel's brother. [4] The earliest known member of the family, possibly its founder, was Nikephoros Palaiologos, commander (possibly doux) of the Theme of Mesopotamia in the second half of the 11th century, in the reign of Emperor Michael VII Doukas. John VI Kantakouzenos, Cantacuzenus, or Cantacuzene was a Greek nobleman, statesman, and general. The famous Ivan the Terrible (r. 1547–1575), Russia's first Tsar, was Sophia's grandson. Cantacuzenus was forced to abdicate and retired to a monastery, where he wrote his memoirs, a valuable source for the history of the period from 1320 to c. 1357. Corrections? [102] Nothing is known of Godscall's life, the only record of her existence being her baptismal records. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. When the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade took Constantinople in 1204 and overthrew the Byzantine Empire in favor of the new, Catholic, Latin Empire, the Palaiologoi followed Theodore I Laskaris to the Empire of Nicaea, where they played an active role and continued to occupy offices of high rank. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Just a few days after Theodore's death, Michael led a coup against the bureaucrat George Mouzalon,[9] who had been appointed regent by Theodore II. Cadet Branches; [1], In contrast to these ancient and prestigious origin stories, the Palaiologoi probably actually originated relatively late in Anatolia, possibly in the Anatolic Theme. [43] Manuel's son Andreas converted to Islam and might have served as an Ottoman court official. Clearly intending to usurp the throne, a new series of civil wars from 1352 to 1357 were eventually won by John V, deposing the Kantakouzenoi. He was denied the traditional funeral pomps of an Orthodox Emperor. John V Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor, was born 18 June 1332 to Andronikos III Palaiologos (1297-1341) and Anne de Savoie (1306-1359) and died 16 February 1391 of unspecified causes. (en) 25بك المحتوى هنا ينقصه الاستشهاد بمصادر. She was the last recorded member of the family and, if their claim to descend from the imperial dynasty was true, the last true heir of the Palaiologan emperors. Some, such as Theophilos Palaiologos, lost their lives in the battle, whereas others were taken prisoner and executed. [38][39] According to Russian sources, he might also have had a daughter, Maria Palaiologina, who married a Russian prince. The Greeks forgot or ignored that Constantine had died a "heretic", many considering him a martyr. Nikephoros supported the revolt of Nikephoros III Botaneiates against Michael VII, but his son, George Palaiologos, married Anna Doukaina and thus supported the Doukas family and later Alexios I Komnenos, Anna's brother-in-law, against Botaneiates. [126] The union was passionately opposed by the Byzantine people and of Byzantine rulers not actually under Michael VIII's control, such as John II Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond, and Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas, the ruler of Epirus. While he was Emperor, there is evidence showing he used the name Andronikos, after his father, although when he was regent during his In his will from 1372, John II claimed that Andronikos II's deposition in 1328 by his grandson Andronikos III (John V's father) had been unlawful and thus disqualified Andronikos III and all his heirs from the legitimate line of succession to the throne of Byzantium. [89] With the sole exception of Thomas's purported son John, the existence of the rest of Theodore's immediate ancestors can be verified through records at Pesaro. His triumph in the six-year civil war is the subject of the poem "John Kantakouzenos Triumphs" by the modern Greek poet Constantine Cavafy. John VIII Palaeologus, Palaeologus also spelled Palaiologos, (born December 17/18, 1392—died October 31, 1448, Constantinople, Byzantine Empire [now Istanbul, Turkey]), Byzantine emperor who spent his reign appealing to the West for help against the final assaults by the Ottoman Turks on the Byzantine Empire.. Venetian documents frequently refer to their "strenuous" prowess in service to the Venetian Republic. The origins of the family are unclear. [55], Lazar Branković's third daughter, Jerina, married Gjon Kastrioti II, the son of Albanian national hero Skanderbeg. Though the Palaiologos name was not passed on, many of them used the double-headed eagle iconography of Byzantium. Andronikos Palaiologos, father of the later emperor Michael VIII, was proclaimed megas domestikos (commander-in-chief), probably by Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes. [79] Venice had first become interested in hiring stratioti after witnessing the prowess of Greek and Albanian soldiers in the First Ottoman–Venetian War of 1463–1479. To avoid infighting, their mother Helena Dragaš decided that Constantine was to be the next emperor. A cadet branch in Italy, the Palaeologus-Montferrat, ruled the March of Montferrat until 1536 and died out in 1566. [47], Although the imperial dynasty went extinct in the male line, descendants of the Palaiologan emperors survived for centuries through the lineages of various daughters. After a civil war (1341-1347), the empire was controlled by John VI Cantacuzenus as coemperor from 1347 to 1354. For his merits in the service of Venice, Theodore was granted the island Cranae, though he later ceded it to another family. Some Byzantine refugees, such as historian George Sphrantzes, recognized Andreas as the rightful heir of the old emperors. [80], Many Byzantine refugees, though unrelated to the emperors, legitimately bore the name Palaiologos due to the extensive nature of the family. [54] The most senior descendants of the Tocco family alive today is the Italian Serra family, dukes of Cassano, owing to the 1798 marriage of Guiseppe Serra di Cassano and Teresa Tocco Cantelmo Stuart, daughter of one of the titular Tocco princes of Achaea. [118] The "Rogerio Greco" mentioned as a judge in 1441 cannot be identified with the supposed progenitor of the Paleologo Mastrogiovanni line since it would have been impossible for him to have been a judge at only 11 years old. [116], In modern scholarship, Rogerio's existence is overwhelmingly dismissed as fantasy. Allow John V married Helena Kantakouzene, daughter of a man by the popes, but they have! Montferrat cadet branch ( descendants of Theodore, son of emperor John VIII, aided Constantine! 1000-1461 ) August 27, 2020 the Byzantium Blogger Leave a comment Dragaš that... 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