Alkali metals hydroxides are very strong bases, highly soluble in water and are not decomposed on heating.However, LiOH decomposes on heating to give because latter is more stable than former. Question 6. However, these hydroxides are less basic than the corresponding alkali metal hydroxides because of higher ionization energies, smaller ionic sizes and greater lattice energies. Any alkali metal, on coming in contact with air or oxygen, starts burning and oxides are formed in the process. Why does increasing charge density matter more for the hydration enthalpy compared to the lattice energy? Solubility in water: Alkaline earth metal hydroxides are less soluble in water as compared to the alkali metal hydroxides. Solubility: The solubility of the sulphates in water decreases down the groups i.e. Lithium-ion is the most soluble and the solubility decreases with increasing size so that Cesium ion is the least water-soluble alkali metal ion. The solubility increases down the column as the alkali metal ions become larger and the lattice enthalpies decrease. Solubility in water is related to the ionic nature and size. Compare the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals with respect to (i) ionization enthalpy, (ii) basicity of oxides, (iii) solubility of hydroxides. Amphoteric Hydroxides. Properties of Sulphates of Alkali Earth Metals. NaOH + HCI → NaCI + H 2 O 1, Binary Systems, Book 1, Moscow-Leningrad (1961), p. 94. Metal hydroxides such as \(\ce{Fe(OH)3}\) and \(\ce{Al(OH)3}\) react with acids and bases, and they are called amphoteric hydroxide.In reality, \(\ce{Al(OH)3}\) should be formulated as \(\ce{Al(H2O)3(OH)3}\), and this neutral substance has a very low solubility. I know that, solubility of alkaline earth metal hydroxides increases down the group and solubility of alkaline earth metal sulfates decreases down the group. 2LiOH +Δ → Li 2 O + H 2 O Formation of Salts with Acids The highly basic reaction of alkali metals hydroxides with all acids results in the formation of salts. Examples: KOH, NaOH. Be > Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba. All alkali metals hydroxides … Completely soluble metal hydroxides in water Alkali Metals. When solubility of metal hydroxide in water is high, it gives a good alkaline solution due to complete dissociation of metal hydroxide compound for releasing of hydroxyl ions (OH-) into the water. The alkali metal hydroxides form white crystals that are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water, generating large amounts of heat upon dissolution. Not all metal hydroxides behave the same way - that is precipitate as hydroxide solids. 5. M (OH) 2 + H 2 SO 4 → MSO 4 + 2H 2 O MCO 3 + H 2 SO 4 → MSO 4 + CO 2 + H 2 O . Because of high nuclear charge the ionization enthalpy of alkaline earth metals are higher than those of the corresponding alkali metals. Solubility and Stability of Alkali Metal Hydroxides All these hydroxides, except for lithium hydroxide, are highly water soluble and thermally stable. 1. The hydroxides are less basic than the corresponding alkali metal hydroxides because of higher ionization enthalpies , smaller ionic size and greater lattice energies. Their basic strength increases from LiOH to CsOH due to a corresponding decresae in the I.E., of the metal in a group,i.e., the order:- The sulphates of alkaline earth metals are all white solids. Increasing order of Ionization Energy: Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs . Answer: (i) Ionization enthalpy. Solubility or Hydration of Alkali Metal Ions. 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